THE ORDINARY GLYCOLIC ACID 7% TONING SOLUTION 240ML Glycolic Acid is an alpha hydroxyl acid that exfoliates the skin. This 7% toning solution offers mild exfoliation for improved skin radiance and visible clarity. The formula also improves the appearance of skin texture with continued use. This formula contains a studied Tasmanian Pepperberry derivative to help reduce irritation associated with acid use. This derivative is of plant origin and varies in colour seasonally and this colour variation may be apparent in the formula from time to time. The formula is further supported with inclusion of ginseng root and aloe vera for both visible radiance and soothing benefits. Contraindications: This formula should not be used on sensitive peeling or compromised skin. Please refer to additional sun protection note and other warnings in provided Directions. This pH of this formula is approximately 3.6. Glycolic Acid has a pKa of 3.6 and pKa is the most important aspect to consider in formulating with acids. pKa implies acid availability. When pKa is close to pH there is an ideal balance between salt and acidity maximizing effectiveness of the acid and reducing irritation. Higher pH numbers in such a case would increase salt which counter-intuitively would make the formula even more irritating than if the formula was more acidic. Note: While exfoliating acids can result in quick visible benefits indirect forms are better than direct forms such as this formula due to potential inflammation and sensitivity associated with acids. Directions: Use ideally in the PM no more frequently than once per day. After cleaning saturate a cotton pad with the formula and sweep across face and neck. Avoid the eye contour and contact with eyes. Do not rinse off. Continue with additional skin treatments as needed. If persistent irritation occurs discontinue use and consult a physician. (Sunburn Alert: This product contains an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that may increase your skin's sensitivity to the sun and particularly the possibility of sunburn. Use a sunscreen wear protective clothing and limit sun exposure while using this product and for a week afterwards. Use only as directed. Contact of the product with the skin must be of limited frequency or duration.) Ingredients: Aqua (Water) Glycolic Acid Rosa damascena flower water Centaurea cyanus flower water Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water Propanediol Glycerin Triethanolamine Aminomethyl Propanol Panax Ginseng Root Extract Tasmannia Lanceolata Fruit/Leaf Extract Aspartic Acid Alanine Glycine Serine Valine Isoleucine Proline Threonine Histidine Phenylalanine Glutamic Acid Arginine PCA Sodium PCA Sodium Lactate Fructose Glucose Sucrose Urea Hexyl Nicotinate Dextrin Citric Acid Polysorbate 20 Gellan Gum Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate Sodium Chloride Hexylene Glycol Potassium Sorbate Sodium Benzoate 1 2-Hexanediol Caprylyl Glycol. What you get: 1 x Glycolic Acid Toning Solution 240ml